What is the term for the act of being formally charged with a crime?

The act of being formally charged with a crime is referred to as an indictment. This legal term specifically pertains to a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime, typically issued by a grand jury. The process of indictment is crucial within the criminal justice system, as it serves to ensure that serious charges are subjected to a thorough examination before moving forward to trial.

Probable cause relates to the belief that a crime may have occurred and is often a standard for law enforcement to obtain search warrants or make arrests, but it does not imply formal charges have been made. Due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person, providing fair treatment in the judicial system but is not synonymous with being charged with a crime. Punitive generally relates to punishment and does not specifically address the legal process of being charged with a crime. Hence, the correct term that encapsulates the initiation of formal legal proceedings against an individual is indeed an indictment.