What is the Latin term that means "to stand by decisions"?

The Latin term that means "to stand by decisions" is "stare decisis." This principle is foundational in the legal system, as it promotes consistency and predictability in the law by obliging courts to follow precedents established in previous cases. When a court relies on established legal principles from prior rulings, it enhances respect for the rule of law and helps to ensure that similar cases are treated alike, which is crucial for maintaining fairness and impartiality in judicial decisions.

The other terms provided are related but refer to different concepts. "Ratio decidendi" pertains to the rationale or the reason for a decision in a case that serves as precedent, while "res judicata" refers to the legal principle that a matter cannot be relitigated once it has been judged on its merits. "Lex loci" refers to the law of the place where a legal issue occurs, which is a different aspect of legal analysis altogether. Understanding these distinctions highlights the significance of "stare decisis" in creating a reliable and structured legal system.