What are the two branches of Congress?

The two branches of Congress are the House of Representatives and the Senate, which together make up the legislative branch of the United States government. This bicameral structure was established by the Constitution to ensure a system of checks and balances within the legislative process. The House of Representatives is composed of members who are elected based on the population of each state, while the Senate consists of two senators from each state, regardless of population. This arrangement allows for both proportional representation and equal representation of the states in Congress, reflecting the federal nature of the United States.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different government components or systems. The legislative branch and judicial branch represent distinct government functions, while the executive branch and administrative branch refer to the enforcement and execution of laws, not legislative roles. The House of Commons and House of Lords are part of the United Kingdom's Parliament and not relevant to the structure of the U.S. Congress.